동서대학교 동서대학교 디자인대학
홈 회원가입 일반대학원 디자인학과 한국연구재단 SDGs 센터 사이트맵 검색
아카이브학위논문박사논문(PhD Theses)

학위논문 Theses and Dissertations

NO.D.2022.08_12

수직녹화를 이용한 힐링정원의 효과에 대한 연구 A Study on the Effect of a Healing Garden Using Vertical Greening

  • Name : 장염/Zhang, Yan
  • Info : 박사학위논문/Doctor's thesis/ 2022.08
  • Adviser : 홍관선/Hong, Kwan-Seon
192.168.95.160

초록

현대 사회의 발전과 변화로 인해 많은 녹지는 그 자리를 빼앗기고 도시화를 위하여 고층 빌딩, 아파트 단지, 상업용 건축물들이 세워졌다. 또한, 산업에 있어서 대량의 유해물질이 배출되어 공기, 물 등에 오염을 심화시키면서 지구온난화, 오존층 파괴 등 여러 가지의 생태문제를 일으켰고 사람들의 건강을 해치며 질병과 사망을 유발하고 있다. 또한, 현대사회가 도시화되면서 사람들은 항상 매우 빠른 속도의 사회적, 경제적 변화를 겪게 되었고, 이에 따른 불규칙한 생활방식, 환경변화 등으로 인해 심신건강을 해치게 되며 몸과 심리, 정신이 모두 아건강(서브 헬스 sub-health) 상태가 되어 점차 여러 가지 만성 질병에 걸리고 있다. 따라서 사람들은 점차 환경과 건강 문제가 깊게 관련되어 있다는 것을 깨닫고 삶의 질을 높이는 측면으로 많은 생태와 녹지를 되돌리려는 노력을 해왔고, 심신건강을 위해서 건강을 해치는 생활 습관을 고치면서 헬스나 운동도 시작하고 있다. 또한, 자연과 접촉함으로써 사람에게 유익하고 스트레스와 심신을 안정시킬 수 있다는 것은 누구나 잘 알고 있는 것인데, 사람들은 바쁜 생활로 인하여 자연과 접촉할 기회가 많지 않기 때문에 공원, 광장, 주택의 발코니, 마당 심지어 개인 키우는 작은 화분까지 자연과 최대로 접촉하고 싶은 현상을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 사회적 환경의 변화에 따라 점차 자연과 관련된 자연친화 가설(Biophilia HyPothesis), 자연친화 디자인(Biophilia Design)과 신경건축학(Neuro Architecture) 등 이론이 태동되었다.
이러한 사람의 부정적인 생리적, 심리적 정서적인 문제를 해결하고 심신건강에 도움이 되는 힐링효과를 제공하는 목적을 가진 자연친화 가설, 자연친화 디자인, 신경건축학 등과 같은 의미에서 나타난 표현방법에는 힐링정원이라는 새로운 영역이 있다. 힐링정원은 수많은 연구 성과를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 중국과 한국에서는 아직까지 보편화되지 못하고 관심이 부족하며, 실제 도입된 사례도 연구 성과에 비하면 매우 부족한 상태이다. 이는 힐링정원이 항상 수평적 공간 형태로 표현되기 때문에 국토 용지가 부족한 한국의 도시 상태와 국토 면적은 넓으나 도시 밀집화에 따른 도시녹지 공간이 상대적으로 부족한 중국의 도시 상태이기 때문으로 추정할 수가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 힐링정원은 자연친화 디자인이 가지는 자연적 요소와 신경건축학에서 추구하는 자연적 요소를 포함하고 있지만, 식물 중점의 생태적 디자인 표현방법인 수직녹화를 이용하여, 수평형태의 힐링정원을 수직적으로 전환하고 이를 통해 평면용지를 차지하지 않으면서 환경 중의 녹화율을 높이며, 사람들의 심신건강에 도움이 되는 힐링효과를 제공하는 정원에 대한 연구이다. 또한, 사람이 움직이지 않더라도 식물이 사람의 시각과 후각을 통해 적극적으로 사람과 인터렉티브 함으로써 힐링효과를 가질 수 있는지를 연구하는 것으로, 수직정원에 의한 시각적 효과만으로 사람에게 힐링효과를 제공할 수 있는지에 대한 연구와 후각적 힐링효과가 있는 식물까지 융합시킴으로써 이중적인 힐링효과가 있는지에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 수직적 힐링정원은 본 연구에서 처음으로 제시된 연구내용으로써 먼저 수평적인 힐링정원을 수직적으로 전환하여도 여전히 부정적인 정서를 이완하고 심신건강을 회복하는 힐링효과가 있다는 가설을 세우며, 수직적 힐링정원의 디자인 방법과 식물 구성에 관하여 연구한다. 가상공간에서의 실험을 통하여 피실험자들의 정성과 정량적 데이터를 수집 및 분석하고 힐링효과에 대한 데이터를 분석 검증하여 이 가설을 증명한다.
첫째, 수직적 힐링정원을 구성하는데 필요한 식물에 대한 연구이다. 사용되는 식물의 시각적 효과 뿐만 아니라 후각적 효과를 더한 이중적인 힐링효과를 낼 수 있게 하기 위하여 식물의 꽃 뿐만 아니라 줄기, 잎, 가지 등에서도 후각적 효과를 가지는 식물군을 대상으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 사람들의 부정적인 정서를 이완시키고 심신 건강에 유익한 로즈메리, 라벤더, 펠라고니움 그라베올렌스, 쑥, 스위트 마조람, 스위트 바실, 레몬그라스, 바실, 레몬밤 이 9종의 식물이 수직적 힐링정원에 적용하기 적절한 종류로 선정하였다.
둘째, 수직적 힐링정원 구성에 있어서 먼저 각각 수직정원에 대한 녹화 디자인 유형의 특성, 녹화를 형성하는 과정, 방식, 효과, 관리, 시각적 특징과 단점 등을 비교한다. 수직녹화의 디자인을 하는 데 있어서 7가지의 디자인 방법 중 단점이 상대적으로 적고, 식물의 생장과 녹화효과를 제어할 수 있으며, 식물 교체 및 식물 생장 주기의 영향을 받지 않는 2개의 디자인으로써 용기식의 프레임과 모듈식 디자인을 수직적 힐링정원에 적용하기 가장 적절한 디자인 유형으로 선정하였다.
셋째, 앞서 도출한 수직녹화 디자인의 2가지 유형과 9종의 식물을 서로 융합하여 컴퓨터 프로그램을 통해 가상공간을 구성하고, 9가지 식물은 대부분이 여름 가을이 개화기이기 때문에 개화기가 없는 겨울 + 봄과 개화기가 있는 여름 + 가을의 이 두 가지 시각적 계절 변화의 변수를 표현하였다. 그리고 향훈기계를 이용한 로즈메리 및 라벤더 오일로 후각적 변수를 비교 분석하며 힐링적 효과에 대한 분석결과를 제시하였다. 그리고 이렇게 조성된 환경을 이용하여 15명의 피실험자에게 주 3회, 총 4주의 실험을 진행하였다. 총 12회의 각 피실험자들의 정성적 인터뷰와 정량적 혈압맥박의 데이터를 조사하였다. SPSS 25.0을 통해서 정성적, 정량적 각 데이터를 분석하였다. 12회에 걸친 15명 피실험자들의 주관적인 답변의 정성적 데이터와 객관적인 생리적 데이터의 두 실험 데이터를 실험 전과 실험 후로 비교 분석하여 수직적 힐링정원이 유의미한 힐링효과를 가지고 있음을 증명하였다. 후각적 효과에 대한 세부적 데이터로서 로즈메리 오일이 뇌와 정신의 왕성한 활동을 촉진하고 라벤더가 스트레스와 수면의 질을 개선하며 심신을 안정시킨다는 기존 연구결과의 특성과 실험결과를 비교할 때 로즈메리보다 라벤더 향기가 이완에 더 효과적이었다는 것을 분석결과로 알 수 있었다. 시각적 측면에 변화를 주었던 부분도 봄과 겨울을 배경으로 한 영상보다는 여름과 가을을 배경으로 했던 영상이 더욱 힐링적 결과로써 심신 안정적 효과가 크다는 것을 알 수가 있다. 이것을 식물의 개화기에 의한 식물의 형태, 색채의 변화가 있는 계절이 힐링적 부분에서보다 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있다.
본 연구를 통하여 수직적 힐링정원에 있어서 시각과 후각적 요소는 모두 중요하며, 이를 어떤 유형, 식물, 방식 등으로 조합하느냐에 따라 더욱 효과를 늘릴 수 있을 것으로 판단할 수 있으며, 수직적 힐링정원도 수평적 공간 속의 힐링정원과 마찬가지로 사람의 생리, 심리와 정서를 이완시키는 효과가 있다는 것을 연구결과로 알 수 있었다. 수직적 힐링정원은 동시에 환경문제 및 생활 건강에 이점을 부여할 수 있는 디자인으로서 실내 실외이든 어느 장소에서든 설치하여 힐링적 가치와 쾌적한 환경을 제공하는 가치뿐만 아니라, 수직의 형태로 공간 설치를 함에 따라 현대사회의 녹지공간의 심각한 용지부족의 문제를 보완하여 수평적 넓은 공간을 차지하지 않으면서 자연생태면적을 증가시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 힐링정원을 디자인하는 데 있어서 매우 높은 연구적 가치 및 의미를 가지고 있다고 판단된다.

摘要

Abstract

Due to the development and change of modern society, many green areas have been deprived of their place, and high-rise buildings, apartment complexes, and commercial buildings have been built for urbanization. In addition, with the development of the industry, a large amount of harmful substances were emitted, causing pollution to air and water, and as it gradually intensified, various ecological problems such as global warming and ozone layer destruction caused disease to people, and in severe cases, death. Also, as modern society is rapidly urbanized, people are always experiencing rapid life, work, learning, and competition, and their mental and physical health is deteriorating due to the effects of irregular lifestyles. Therefore, both people's bodies and minds are becoming sub-health and gradually suffering from various chronic diseases. As a result, people gradually realized that the environment is deeply related to health problems, and they have made efforts to protect many ecology and green areas in order to improve the quality of life, changed their health-damaging lifestyle and eating habits, and actively started activities such as health and exercise. Everyone knows that the feeling you can feel through contact with nature is beneficial to people and can stabilize our mind and body. However, people do not have many opportunities to contact nature due to their busy social life and activities, so in this busy daily life, people are interested in urban greening, parks, squares, balconies of houses, gardens, and small individual pots. With the development of these social phenomena, theories and design methods such as Biophilia Hypothesis, Biophilia Design and Neuro Architecture gradually emerged.
These aim to relax people's negative physiology, psychology, and emotional problems and provide healing effects by helping them with mental and physical health, and there is a healing garden in the way this purpose is actively expressed. The study of these healing gardens has achieved numerous achievements and developments as people became interested in improving the quality of life through nature, but there are still many cognitive deficiencies in China and Korea, and the actual cases introduced are too insufficient compared to the research results. The reason why a horizontally constructed healing garden cannot be applied in practice is that these two countries have recently run out of green space. Therefore, this study first applied vertical greening, a plant-focused ecological design expression method, to the healing garden that appears in the existing horizontal form, and the above problem is solved by increasing the greening rate in the environment without occupying flat land, at the same time, this study presents a new concept called vertical healing garden, which includes both Biophilia Design, Neuro Architecture, and the healing effect. And considering that plants and people in one space can interact through sight and smell without any action unlike other senses, this studies how to construct a vertical healing garden more real and effective with a double healing effect by fusing plants with olfactory healing effect in a vertical greening method that provides visual healing effect. Also, vertical healing garden is the first concept presented in this study, this study hypothesizes that even if the existing horizontal healing garden is vertically converted, there is still a healing effect to relax negative emotions and restore mental and physical health. And it proves this hypothesis by experimenting with the previously constructed vertical healing garden to collect qualitative and quantitative data, and verifying the healing effect and possibility through this. The purpose and verification results of the specific study are as follows.

First, to use the design type of vertical green suitable for vertical healing gardens, We look at the characteristics, process, method, effectiveness, management, visual features and disadvantages of different types of vertical recording design, and we are Based on comparative analysis, relatively few disadvantages, control of plant growth and greening effects, and not being affected by plant replacement and plant growth cycle, so, the frame type of container design and modular design were selected as appropriate types to apply to vertical healing gardens.
Second, in order for the vertical healing garden to have a visual healing effect as well as an olfactory healing effect, we are based on what is beneficial for people's mental and physical health, such as relieving negative emotions by directly giving off scent from the whole of the plant, leaves, and stems. So, Rosemary, lavender, pelagonium, gravureolens, mugwort, sweet mazoram, sweet basil, lemon grass, basil, and lemon balm were selected as suitable types for vertical healing gardens.
Third, an experiment is constructed to verify the hypothesis of this paper. First of all, the types of plants derived above and the types of vertical greening designs are fused to sketch up the virtual space (sketchup 2018). It is produced as twinmotion (2022), and by bimmotion, it is composed of winter, spring, and summer, autumn images, and implements olfactory elements using a fragrance machine and rosemary and lavender oil. The experiment is conducted 3 times a week for 15 students, and it takes a total of 4 weeks, and verifies the effectiveness of the vertical healing garden by comparing the data differences before and after viewing the video. In addition, seasonal differences and fragrance differences, that is, differences according to visual and olfactory changes are identified. Specific data are collected from interviews, blood pressure, and pulse data from each subject, and analyzed through the statistical program SPSS 25.0. As a result, two data analysis results from 15 subjects over a total of 12 sessions proved that the vertical healing garden has a significant healing effect based on statistics. In addition, there were significant differences in visual and olfactory differences. The video set in summer and fall was found to be more effective than the video set in spring and winter, and the results showed that lavender scents were more effective in relaxing than rosemary scents. This was consistent with previous analysis of the olfactory effects of plants that Rosemary promotes vigorous brain and mental activity, lavender improves stress, sleep quality, and stabilizes the mind and body.

As such, this study proved the hypothesis and possibility of vertical healing gardens by obtaining results through experiments that have a definite healing effect of relaxing a person's physiology, psychology, and emotions. Furthermore, as plants interact with the human visual and olfactory aspects and humans respond to changes in their senses, it is very important to construct each element considering these two senses in the vertical healing garden, and It is judged that the effect can be further increased depending on what type, plant, and method this is combined. The vertical healing garden presented in this study is a design that can give advantages to environmental problems and daily health at the same time, providing healing value and value as a pleasant environment. in addition, it has a very high research value and meaning because it can increase the green area by solving the serious shortage of green space in modern society in a vertical form. Through this, it is expected that future research on vertical healing gardens will be more active to provide healing and comfort to human health and quality of life, while also beneficial for the protection and development of the environment and ecology.

키워드

  • #수직녹화
  • # 힐링정원
  • # 수직녹화 유형
  • # 식물
  • # 힐링효과 검증


  • #vertically greening
  • # healing garden
  • # Vertical greening types
  • # Plants
  • # healing effect verification.

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6. Jia Mei, 「Study on volatile compounds of several aromatic plants used in rehabilitation landscape and their impacts of human health」, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, P.R.China. Master, 2017
7. Li Minqing, 「Clinical Study on the Effect of Postoperative Sleep Quality in Lavender Aromatherapy on Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture」, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Master, 2017
8. Li Zhen, 「Effect of species and concentrations of essential oils from different flowers on the Internet addiction and depression of undergraduate」, Kunming　University of Science and Technology, Master, 2018
9. Liao Meng, 「Preliminary Study on the Natural Incense of Four Aromatic Plants for Anti-Anxiety Healthcare」, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Master, 2016
10. Liu Bouxin, 「The Evidence-based Design of Healing Landscape for Elderly People in China」, Tsinghua University, Doctor, 2015
11. Wang Xiaobo, 「The Study of Healing Landscape Focused on the Outdoor Environment in Medical Institutions」, Beijing Forestry University, Doctor, 2021
12. Wu Lingfeng, 「Research of the Function of Aromatic Plant's Natural Fragrance on the Garden Tourist's Healtyh Health Care」, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Master, 2008
13. Xu Xiaomeng, 「Full-time Professional Master Degree Dissertation」, Shanxi Agricultural University, Master, 2019
14. Yao Yuan, 「Study on the Antifungal Effects of Three Individual Essential Oils and Their Given Mixtures」, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Master, 2012
15. Zhai Xiuli, 「Two Kinds of Piant Essential Oil to Alleviate Depression of experiments」,　Zhejisng A&F University, Master, 2012
16. Zhang Jun, 「A study on the Effects of the Components of Nonessential Oils in Lavender Mint Leaves on Antioxidation and Protection of Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells Against Oxidative Damage」, East China Normal University, Master, 2007
17. Zhang Kai, 「The Anxiol Ytic Effect OF Cedarwood Essential Oil and it's Mechanism」, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Master, 2019
18. Zhang Yan, 「건축물의 수직녹화 파사드의 디자인 유형에 관한 연구」, 동서대학교, 석사학위논문, 2019
19. Zhou Yucen, 「Study on the Healing Garden Plant Landscape Design」, Chongqing University, Master, 2014
20. 노태린, 「신경건축학을 고려한 사용자 중심 다지인 프로세스 적용연구: 의료공간 디자인을 중심으로」, 숙명여자대학교, 박사학위논문, 2019

[Academic Journal]

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5. Cheng Wenwen, Li Jiaxia, Li Guangwu, Fu Jia, Effects of Inhaling the Lavender and Ylang Essential Oil Via Olfactory Pathway on Blood Pressure in Normotensive Adults, Chinese Journal of Hypertension, 2011
6. Chorong Song, Harumi Ikei, Physiological effects of forest-related visual, olfactory, and combined stimuli on humans: An additive combined effect, Yoshifumi Miyazaki--Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2019, Vol.44
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27. Guo Decai, 在五彩缤纷的世界里--色彩对人体和植物的影响, 科学24小时, 2009
28. He Lei, Yao Lei, Chemical Composition Analysis and Evaluation of Relieve Anxiety to Two Compound Essential Oil, Journal of ShanghaijIaotong University(Agricultural Science), 2016
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34. Jiaying Shi, Tsuyoshi Honjo, Kaixuan Zhang, Katsunori Furuya. Using Virtual Reality to Assess Landscape: A Comparative Study Between On-Site Survey and Virtual Reality of Aesthetic Preference and Landscape Cognition, Sustainability, 2020
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38. Kim, Mi young, Lim, Dong-ho, The Effect of Horticultural Program Using Vertical Garden on Helplessness, Depression, and Self-esteem in Patients with Chronic Mental Disorder, The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, 2021, Vol.7
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44. Liu Xiaosheng, Zhuang Donghong, Zhu Hui, Wu Qinghan, Ma Ruijun, The Research of the Bacteriostatic Effect of Bronchitis Germs of the Five Aromatic Plants, Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2016
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[Magazine]

1. Chen Xiaohong, "2006년 국가 환경과 건강논단 개막사(일부)- 위생부 Chen Xiaohong부 부장의 연설(2006国家环境与健康论坛开幕致词(选节)-卫生部陈啸宏副部长的致词)”, 『Journal of Environment and Health』, 2006
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3. JF Thayer, BH Friedman, TD BorkovecAutonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry Biol Psychiatry, 1996, Vo1.39
4. John W G Tiller, Depression and anxiety, Med J Aust 2013
5. Kwang-Pyo Hong,  Hyukjae Lee, Seunghoon Hong, A Study on the Physiological and Psychological Stress Relief Effects of Vertical Gardens on Human Body: 3 Different Construction Methods of Vertical Gardens, 2019 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI), 2019
6. Li Xin, 청소년 과외 지식 다 안다(青少年课外知识全知道), 베이징: The Chinese Overseas Publishing House, 2015
7. Marberry, S.O, A Conversation with Roger Ulrich,Healthcare Design, 2010
8. Natasha McEnroe, Celebrating Florence Nightingale's bicentenary, The lancet, 2020
9. Shao Hua, 美国分贝自测表, 小读者, 2012
10. Westphal J M, Hype, Hyperbole and Health: Therapeutic site design, Benson J F, Rowe M H, Urban Lifestyles: Spaces, Place, People, Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 2000
11. Yao Yanan, Jane Haoann, Li Shuhua, Environment and ECG-Experimental Exploration Related to Human Settlement Environment, Research and Practice Proceeding of 2019 Chinese Horticultural Therapt,China Forestry Publishing House, 2019
12. 景观实录, Landscape Record, 2016 Vol.3

[Website]

1. 120420(조간) 건축물 녹화 설계기준 제정(건축학과), http://www.molit.go.kr/USR/NEWS/m_71/dtl.jsp?id=95070072
2. 자율신경계, https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/1710296?fr=aladdin
3. 농업용어사전: 농촌진흥청, https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1994787&cid=50317&categoryId=50317
4. 서양 감국, 西洋甘菊的养殖方法/西洋甘菊的养护知识, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/1050852/242fd6XMAxlaGwHe77jRIxJE3VHmGr8ns1qII0-8srdx5W1P8V-LX_OnWqVIjEuKg7e6tdZRuLhm2Wlelyp02yiwhW6IZeT1VQ
5. 오일 브레드, https://oshadhi.de/
6. 중국 知网 사이트, https://www.cnki.net/
7. 철포백합, 山西文水县—生态保护引用, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/1670423/4cdba6rqwGCIHI14I5O5OVGFcyvZ0wJ1PcaJCClFpSejJV09ofh5fNZbqyNr6_Xotpxf62WnKEyPOL7KSGgIVCRKwKbDj1krTMwnjW3c-DaRJwxK9Q
8. 행정규칙(훈령·예규·고시), http://www.molit.go.kr/USR/I0204/m_45/dtl.js4?idx=10535

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